Sustainable Production of Metabolites using Solid State Fermentation: A Review of Microorganisms and Process Conditions
Keywords:
Solid state fermentation (SSF), Submerged fermentation (SmF), Aspergillus sp., primary metabolite, secondary metabolite, rotary drum FermenterAbstract
Solid state fermentation (SSF) is utilised for producing primary metabolite and secondary metabolites. These products are obtained during the tropophase and idiophase respectively of microbial growth and are commercially produced for utilization in agriculture and medical fields. Though submerged fermentation(SmF) produces these metabolites, solid state fermentation provides a better platform with considerable yield of the product, minimal energy requirement, eco-friendly and reduced amount of liquid waste disposal.The yield of these metabolites would be higher in commercial production, as would the costs and energy needs. Aspergillus sp. is found predominantly as a protagonist in the production of various metabolites at optimized process conditions giving maximum yield of the product. Largescale production of these metabolites can be accomplished using tray fermenters, packed bed fermenters, and rotary drum fermenters, but their design and operations would be a challenging task. This review reveals the different types of non-growth associated and growth associated products derived from various microorganisms along with their corresponding process conditions.